The End of the Cold War Essay - 1842 Words

The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union resulted in major shift in United States foreign policy. For years, the United States supported tyrannical dictators in return for stable anti-communist government receptive to United States interests. The Cold War resulted in a new world order with the United States as the lone global hegemonic power. In Eastern Europe in particular, the end of the Cold War ushered in an era of economic growth and a large increase in the number of liberal democracies. Although the world saw a large increase in liberal democracies, a new regime type referred to as competitive authoritarianism began to emerge. According to Levitsky and Way, â€Å"In competitive authoritarian regimes, formal†¦show more content†¦In these systems, the regimes possess some of these characteristics but have found ways to manipulate the system to consolidate their power. â€Å"Rather than openly violating democratic rules (for example, by banning or repressing the opposition and the media), incumbents are more likely to use bribery, co-optation, and more subtle forms of persecution, such as the use of tax authorities, compliant judiciaries, and other state agencies to ‘legally’ harass, persecute, or extort cooperative behavior from critics† . While it is apparent that these regimes are not fully democratic, it would be unfair to label them as fully authoritarian either. Unlike traditional totalitarian governments, the persistence of true democratic institutions in competitive authoritarian regimes allows the opposition to contest, weaken and occasionally even defeat autocratic incumbents. While these situations are generally uncommon, these situations are possible in competitive authoritarianism due to four independent means, the electoral arena, the legislature, the judiciary and the media. These four branches are virtually independent of the executive control however, unlike in democracies, the competitive authoritarian regimes use its power to undermine their independence. â€Å"In regards to the electoral arena, large-scale abuses of state power, biased media coverage, harassment of opposition candidates and activists are widespread, legislatures tend to be relatively weak, theShow MoreRelatedThe End Of Cold War2804 Words   |  12 PagesThe End of Cold War: An Analysis Cold War should be considered as one of the most important events that stirred the global political world and it should be considered as an event the end of which reshaped the socio-economic and political structure of myriads of nations across the globe. The end of the Cold War ensured the demise of the Soviet instigated communism and the rise of democracy once again. But it should be noted that just like the emergence of the Cold War the end of the Cold War was notRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe end of the cold war, is often considered as marking the dawn of a fundamentally different political environment. This change in environment, has brought about new salient questions by scholars and policy makers about the relevance of nuclear weapons in the world. In his article, ‘learning to love the bomb’ Jonathan Tepperman calls president Obama’s plan to rid the world off nuclear weapons wrong, dreamy, unrealistic and a big mistake. I foun d this article interesting as it seems rather paradoxicalRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War930 Words   |  4 PagesThe end of the Cold War marks more than just the end of the arms race, between the Soviet Union and the United States, it also marks the weakening of communism. Communism, the greatest enemy to the west during the Cold War had to be put down at any cost, this meant supporting militaristic dictatorships that were against communism. The weakening of communism, however, ignited Global Democratic Revolutions in which the people sought to gain the power back from the government. These revolutions wereRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The most important turning point in contemporary history was propitiated by the end of the Cold War, when one of the fields of the bipolar era disappeared, opening the way for a unipolar world under American imperial hegemony. The United States immediately began to use its unquestionable superiority, seeking to transfer the conflicts to the military confrontation. The apex of this policy of militarization of conflicts was in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya (Missiroli, 2015). Although inRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay4338 Words   |  18 PagesAbstract: This article discusses the end of the Cold War, covering the period from Reagan?s inauguration to the reunification of Germany, which marked the end of the last remnant in Europe of the Cold War. It looks at several factors that brought the conflict to a close: arms control, human rights issues, and ongoing conflicts in Latin America between the Soviet Union and the United States. The most important meetings and summits between the United States and the Soviet Union are discussed, includingRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1435 Words   |  6 PagesDespite the hope for democracy and political stability in the last two decades, crises and armed conflicts remain a serious impediment to development in many countries. Moreover, if some specialists say that the end of the Cold War at the beginning of the 1990s spelled the end of conflicts created through the East-West confrontation, the following years have shown the predominance of intra-state crises, thus forcing the United Nations (UN) to review its strategies for peace and security. In extremelyRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1069 Words   |  5 PagesAt the end of the Cold War, a more widespread interest in post conflict reconstruction was becoming more prevalent. The main components of this interest during the post reconciliation period were accountability and reconciliation. To facilitate this in two different post conflict environments, two respective trib unals were established. These tribunals were known as the ICTY (The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, est.1993) and ICTR (International Criminal Tribunal for RwandaRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War2747 Words   |  11 PagesThe United Nations was handed the sacred duty of, in its own words, â€Å"to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.† While the UN was able to prevent another great war, and to an extent other large regional wars, it has still not met its key tenet of saving generations from the scourge of war. I believe that the UN has failed to promote peace successfully in the world, and its job as facilitator of peace hasn’t been met when countless conflicts have continued all over the globe. I believeRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War928 Words   |  4 Pages The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union were heralded by many as the end of history. Economic and political liberalism, it was argued, had triumphed over all other political and economic systems and was thus going to usher the world into an era of endless freedom and stability. This new global system, bounded by the principles of democracy and free market capitalism, was promoted as being the panacea for the liberation of the individual from the ills and control of old bureaucraciesRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay2178 Words   |  9 PagesThe end of the Cold War created new dimensions for bilateral and multilateral international relations, including the U.S.-Vietnam relations. From the demand of normalizing the bilateral diplomatic ties, the U.S. detailed a four-phase roadmap in April 1991, which associated closely with resolving the Vietnam’s military involvement in the Cambodian conflict, and the U.S. prisoners of war/missing in action (POW/M IA) issue during the war in Vietnam. In 1995, the U.S. and Vietnam officially announced

The Works and Influence of Andy Warhol - 1415 Words

The artist is influenced by everything around him. Social changes, economic situation, religion, personal situation, the environment in which he lives. All these factors influence the work of the artist. Many artists have used this influence to represent the society in which they live, creating an artistic archive, which later serves to decrypt the society in which the artist lived. These files consist of pictures, paintings, objects, installations, videos, photographs, books of notes and any work produced by the artist. The problem of memory and the past is undoubtedly central in contemporary art production. The literature is abundant and the practical number, positions, procedures and strategies is such that single enumeration of its variety is almost endless. Aside, of course, debates on the issue of the monument and its relationship to the public memory, usually memory practices swirling in lathe file problem. The file, understood as the work in the space - the display, what has been called the archival aesthetic-, but as a method of work around the question of document. In this sense, it is possible to observe how a large number of artists work directly with objects, images, texts, stories, sounds... documents that pertain to your environment. Indexes, presences real history, that are used, post-produced - by using the notion of Bourriaud-, assembled and integrated in the work, provided through the collection and the deployment of the documentary in theShow MoreRelatedAndy Warhol And His Influence On Art1699 Words   |  7 Pagesusually point out all the classics; van Gogh, da Vinci, Monet, and Picasso. However, even though they are all extremely renowned, Andy Warhol is right up in that list of top guns. His style of art was a major influence on art today; in fact, Andy Warhol is one of the most significant artists of the 20th century. Various famous people come from a modest life and Andy Warhol is one of them. He was born to Slovakian immigrants as Andrew Warhola in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. His fatherRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol being one of the biggest influences in my work made him the obvious choice for this assignment. I see Warhols influence on the world we live in everyday and strongly believe he helped in creating the pop culture obsession in America. Andy went from rags to riches and defines the American dream. His work has inspired many and continues to be recognized by people throughout the world. Born August 6, 1928 to Andrej and Julia Warhola, Andy was the youngest of three brothers. AndysRead MoreIs Andy Warhol a Genius of Art and Culture?793 Words   |  3 PagesThis research paper studies the graft and career of Andy Warhol and presents the question of whether Warhol should be regarded--as a genius of art or a culture thief. Many credit Andy Warhol with revolutionizing and influencing 20th Century art and culture. However, Although Warhol had a successful and rewarding life; His childhood was nothing less than average. His life was a struggle: As young lad he contracted rheumatic fever and as a result he suffered from neurological problems. His was bornRead MoreAndy Warhols Influence on the Art World Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I think about interpretation of art I think of Andy Warhol. Andy Warhol’s use of iconography changed not only the art world but the people who came into contact with his art. Once you understand his life and art, you will unders tand his art as a symbolic representation. Andy Warhol (Andrew Warhola) was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. His parents were Julia and Ondrej Warhola and was the youngest of three boys. Warhol became ill with St. Vitus disease when he was youngerRead MoreAttention Getter : The American Culture1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough them. Today I m going to talk about one man that took these concepts into his artistic ability and thereby created a whole new culture in what we see is art today. This man who is considered one of the fathers of pop art goes by the name of Andy Warhol. or When we eat a slice of pizza we tend to wash it down with a bottle of Coke when we re feeling sick we tend to have some Campbell s chicken noodle soup when we think of rock n roll the name Elvis Presley comes to mind and for America sRead MoreWarhol : A Artist And A Prominent Figure Into The Pop Art Movement1300 Words   |  6 PagesAndy Warhol was a multimedia artist and a prominent figure in the Pop Art Movement. Andrew Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From 1945 to 1949, Warhola studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. In 1949, he moved and settled in New York and changed his surname to Warhol. He then worked as a Commercial artist. In the earlier years of the 1960’s, Warhol enjoyed experimenting with large mass advertisements, magazines, and other images. In 1962, he started working on the Marilyn MonroeRead MoreAndy Warhol s Book Of Etiquette963 Words   |  4 PagesAndy Warhol was born August 6th 1928, in Forest City, Pennsylvania. His family com es from the Austria-Hungary Empire. His father came over from there in 1912 and then sent for his mother to come over here in 1921. Andy graduated from High School in 1945 from Schenley High School in Pittsburgh, PA. He then went onto college and graduated in 1949 from Carnegie-Mellon University. He moved to New York City after college, where he met Tina Fredericks who was an art editor for Glamour magazine. Read MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On Modern Art1561 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious artists studied in the course, Andy Warhol is definitely one of the most influential. Far ahead of his time in thinking and talented in several media forms, Warhol was a product of his time and defined his era with the use of his artwork, giving rise to other artists within the same time period. This paper will argue that Warhol was not only an influence to modern art, he defined the concept of pop art, which combined consumerism and pop culture, creating works that questioned the norm of societyRead MorePop Art As A Form Of Art1014 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant cultural event in history because it showed relatable events an d topics. Andy Warhol is a famous artist in Pop Art history. His original name is Andrew Warhola. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. His parents Julia and Ondrej Warhola were immigrants from Rusyn who came to the United States for a better life. Together they had three children, Andy and his two brothers Andy was the youngest. Warhol wasn’t just an artist, he was also a filmmaker. The type of films he made areRead MoreThe Movement Of Pop Art991 Words   |  4 Pagesgod father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, this paper will analyse the movement of Pop art as well as Andy Warhol‘s artwork: Tomato Campbell’s

Sexual Biography Free Essays

To be honest, I do not remember any milestone or turning point of my sexual biography. My sexual awareness came smoothly and naturally as I grew up. The events I am going to tell will be pretty vague in terms of time order and my feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have no idea when I began noticing that girls and boys have different parts but it was not earlier than my first grade. However, I did notice that there was something from the girls in class that made me blush and acting awkwardly when I had to talk to them. Also, the boys in my fourth grade talked about condom everyday, so I perhaps knew how condom was used, but it would not be a proper way even before I were aware of what a penis could do. I masturbated quite often until I were 14 and had a first relationship. The reason were self masturbated felt good andI thought no one would know about it. But my dad knew eventually. One day he talked to me about it, but in an awkward way. That time I was embarrassed, but I also wondered why he had to behave so unnaturally. He expected me to tell my little brother later on, but I never told him so I bet he did it himself. I read much about masturbation and knew people found it embarrassing themselves when doing it, but I have never thought masturbation was a guilty behavior or some kind of sins. I barely asked my parents about how I was born. Actually we did not talk much about everything. I remember I asked my mom just one time. She pointed at her navel and said I came from that little hole and I believed her. When I was around 12, I still wondered is if girls are interested in taking about boys? Of course I didn’t know what they would do together! I didn’t even wonder if girls masturbate.I thought they were some kind of godlike creature, some kind of angels that don’t do things boys do. But now I know female also want the things male want, although they want less than male do. Also, I liked a girl who was 2 years younger than me in middle school. I was bothered by the fact that I have had wanted a girlfriend in the same age. I thought I should not like that girl, that it was immoral and going against the natural order of the community. I fought against those thoughts and eventually gave up. After that, I didn’t think it immoral anymore†¦ I am recently in a relationship with a young lady who is 2 years younger than me.We have sex and were very clear about premarital sex. Unlike before I now have very clear position about controversial issues such as premarital sex, abortion, gay marriage and transgender. I am also aware of condom, menstruation, pregnancy, masturbation, oral sex and sex positions†¦ The fact were I and my partner agreed not to have sex until marriage, but we failed and committed to intercourse sex 3 times per week. It has been 2 years since we started having sex and it feel good and splendid. But more than that, we feel great and secure since we are together. How to cite Sexual Biography, Papers

Case Study of United Airlines-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report outlining the PR Errors made by company in a real Case from the Business World. Answer: Introduction Developing public image of an organisation in front of public and to manage issues in the company is most important job of employees. Public Relation theories are therefore considered significantly by organisations to make sound communication skills and maintain proper public relation process(Creative Commons, 2012). Professional trainees inculcate PR practices into their operations by outlining core principles of PR in business, third parties, governments and customers. In United States and other Western countries, PR has become a key strength in making organisational communication which is practised by management and associations. In strategic management, the role of PR practitioners has become vital to build public relations and accomplish the core objectives of organisation(Cornelissen, 2000). Many authors have identified PR roles in organisations and provided with various models that can be applied by management to enhance their PR practices. Theories if applied can provide mana gers with effective tools to formulate basic communication plan addressing organisations issues and requirements. The basic elements of public relation include media relation, issues management, internal communications and crisis communiqu. PR theories those are practised and prove beneficial to the firm are the ones that always lead organisations to develop healthy public relation and should be incorporated by managers to ascertain acceptable and tactful decision at the time of dilemma. No single theory single-handedly can help managements to accomplish public relation in organisation as different situations demands diverse solutions(Lint, 2017). Thus it becomes necessary for them to look into different perspectives and make close study of theories those are related to public relationship along with studying mass communication techniques(Hazleton, 2006). This report will make research of three PR theories that can provide assistance to the managers of United Airlines while making s uggestion for the below case study. Outline Of The Case Study One of the reputed airline industries CEO Munoz received an Oscar in the year 2017 and was given a title of U.S. Communicator of the Year by PR weekly magazine for which the company acknowledged immense reputation. Unfortunately the incident which happened one month later caused crash of $ 1 billion in value and was recorded as a worst PR disaster in airline industry(Netimperative, 2017). The misbehaviour of companys staff with an airline passenger Dr David Dao positioned whole airline industry in the microscope. The incident took place on 9th April 2017 where security officers hauled one of their paying passengers Dr David Dao off the flight that was scheduled from Chicago to Louisville in Kentucky. Dr Dao was so traumatised that he had to be admitted to the hospital. Other passenger showed responsibility and recorded the entire incident through their Smartphones to expose the bad behaviour of flight attendants. Dr Dao was forcibly pulled down the aircraft aisle along with his wife and children by security representative for overbooking his reservation. Instead of apologising for the injuries of Dr Dao caused due to misconduct of United Airlines staff, the CEO apologised only for the getting him re-accommodated with another passenger. Even the company failed to admit their part of negligence and accused Dr Dao to be disruptive and belligerent.Since the company did not reacted fairly, social medias got frenzy until Munoz made a written apology to Dr Dao. The fiasco clearly proves that if United Airlines would have made positive attempts earlier, lesser damages would have been made to its image. The company requires implementing PR theories in its operation so that such incident is not repeated(Lint, 2017). The Excellence Theory The excellence theory of Grunig and Hunt has been dominating the theory and practises of PR. The theory relates to different concepts like two way symmetrical communication, contribution to society, cultural difference, and ethics to maintain public relations. The excellence theory describes the role of communicators and management functions in performing their PR responsibly. Grunig have given more stress on optimising public relation model as two way symmetrical models that performs function of two way balanced communications to administer conflicts while improving indulgence with public(DeGroot, 2015). In strategic management practises, good relationships among organisations develops the power of achieving desired goals by both public and managements. By reducing negative publicity and providing expected service to stakeholders, PR practitioners can prove effective and can nurture extended symmetrical relation within the company and people(Grunig). The excellence theory further categorises into three sections i.e. Empowerment which suggests management to empower public relations as a crucial managerial function. Second section states Communicator role which suggests management to allow public relations play a part in administrative and professional role. Third section states Organisation of Communication function which suggests inculcating public relations as an integrated part of communication process and not only marketing or other management function(Rhee, 2004). Thus organisations support excellence theory as it enables them to pursue their mission by building public relations that supports in gaining ultimate goals. The communication programs made strategically also helps organisations managing interdependence amid considered publics. To build an effective organisational leadership, two way mutual communications is required to satisfy the workforce and build a strong brand. Another significant characteristic of excellence theory is diversity that corresponds to categorize people according to age, race, religion, etc. The theory states that to maintain different situation, the managers have to react according to the people present as not always their experience counterparts. Sometimes it becomes necessary for the managers to bend the situation and accept to undertake the responsibilities, especially when public support is negative. Many researchers claims that excellence theory does not qualifies to all necessities as this theory gives more stress on maintaining pubic relation rather than enhancing internal knowledge(BROWNING, 2008). In United Airlines excellence theory can help its managers to inculcate communication systems with public along with developing function of management crisis(Bi, 2014). The theory will help its co workers get an insight of customers they need to deal with and make assumptions about dealing the situations tactfully. The case study shows that due to some technical errors the seat got over booked which not the fault of in flight representatives. Still they could have man aged the situation properly after applying excellence theory into their system as it would have helped in enhancing their PR. Social Exchange Theory Social exchange theory interprets society as a sequence of interactions among people those are based on guesstimate of rewards and chastisement. In other words it means we get what we deserve according to our reactions made. The theory was founded by George Homans which was further developed by Richard Emerson and Peter Blau. According to social exchange theory, people are more likely to repeat those interactions that are liked by masses rather than disapproved ones(Crossman, 2017). Thus it becomes easier for managers to decide the required actions needed be taken with the help of past experiences of rewarded and failed ones. If any decision made by managers that gains continuous rewards or exceeds punishments, then rewarded ideas are inculcated in their PR practices. Social Exchange theory can be calculated according to the formula of: Behaviour or profit= Reward from interaction-cost of interaction(Redmond, 2015). The theory when applied to general practises of organisation, rewards gained can be in the form of normal gestures, public support, increased profits, sound publicity and brand recognition. Punishments here refer to bad publicity, decrease in share profits, discontent among customers and disapproval from government. This theory is also applicable to social media from organisations perspective. Since social media plays an important role in nowadays business world, both negative and positive attempts are made by them. Social media become a link in between organisations and public. Thus critical monitoring of social media becomes vital for big companies and shall not be underestimated when it comes to emotional factors. The case study of Dr Dao has proven the bad effects of social media from companys perspective as it had made the incident spread worldwide within no time. If United Airlines would have implemented social exchange theory into their PR practises such disaster may have been avoided(Corbishley, 2016). Basic principle of social exchange theory is applied when people or organisations seeks to gain something of greater value than costs for which social decisions are needed to be made. The variables of costs and profits changes and are relevant to persons needs who demands fair decisions. Social exchange theory demands interaction between two people at least in which both expects to gain rewards that can be tangible or intangible. Social exchange theory also implements motivation to make increased returns by applying specific interactions with public to develop interpersonal relationships(Adrienne, 2015). While developed social exchange is made in workplace and social groups, it may develop social power and control over social networking also. Although many critiques have questioned about this theory as it deals with social structures only rather than individuals. The theory over simplifies human interactions and conduct in public relations as decisions are judged by assumptions only. The system is based only on reward and punishments rather than describing the ability to manage situations. Thus, along with social exchange theory other theories shall also be implemented in order to avoid PR disasters. Agenda Setting Theory To attempt solving issues regarding public interest, examining the mass media coverage is very important. The media whether digital or public are important associates that decide the amount of coverage is required to be given on specific issue. The theory of agenda setting was introduced by Donald Shaw and Maxwell McCombs in the year 1972(Dinsdale.). The theory had evolved itself from agenda setting into major mass communications field in todays world of business practices. To become efficient in maintaining public relation it is necessary to understand the theory of agenda setting and to incorporate it into PR practices has became very crucial. The relationship between public agenda and media can be defined in terms of salience. The transferring of leading informations from media to public is made that is further decided about how much the information or issue is important. The media covers the issue and repeats in front of general public until it affects their decision making. The media not only transfers basic issues details but also adds certain characteristics to it in order to make information more important. The theory not only reflects negative issues but also spreading positive information that may help organisations develop. In Dr David Dao case, media played a crucial part which raged general public to such an extent that United Airlines had to face immense losses of profits as well as reputation. Thus agenda theory needs to be studied crucially and must be implemented in United Airlines to tackle mass Medias precisely. The theory further expands into three parts that details the level of its implementation. Policy agenda setting is the first level in which consideration of affects of media coverage and its ability to influence others is made. Socially significant those are non complex in nature are easily absorbed by general public. Therefore an adequate amount of attention is provided by them and while presence of public is higher, the news is pretended to spread in prompt manner. Also to garner people support and interest becomes easy if the topic is related to general group. Second level i.e. media agenda setting decides which type of information shall be represented socially by Medias and news publ ications by organisations. Normally editors, journalists and publishers are contacted to make agenda settings by PR practitioners of companies. Different elements are studied by gatekeepers of Medias while deciding upon which information shall be disclosed in front of public. The final stage of agenda setting is public agenda setting which deals with community behavioural reaction to mass communication. The theory calculates the reaction of public and the amount of effects the information may make to any company. Public gets involved quickly as they find the issues being interesting and can likely affect them also. Many business competitors also take advantage and make viral marketing strategies by distributing false informations about their rivals(McCombs). The role of PR professionals is to influence public interests on behalf of their company by using agenda theory. The representatives of social media rely on PR professionals of companies to get informations while making agendas for mass media. Normally big organisations hold press conferences and public meeting in which media coverage is made in order to share significant information with nation. PR practitioners must make a precise decision on what agendas must be put on that shall prove beneficial for the firm and public. Therefore the above theory is made to inculcate thought out manner of making decisions by PR managers and regulate informations tacitly that does not hamper the reputation of their company. In the case of United Airlines, the PR professionals seemed to act unconsciously which led the entire company fall into coverage of bad publicity. The theory if applied into companys PR practising system shall prevent getting vulnerable to such catastrophic situations(Matei, 20 10). Recommendations After making study of different PR theories and analysing PR errors in practical world, it can be said that not one theory can provide assistance to PR professionals. Since different situations demands different undertakings, the PR practise applied shall be decided tactfully and only then after accomplishes the role of a PR practitioner. Different models of PR theories has been reviewed in this report that can be applied in the situation of removal of Dr David Dao from United Airlines. In the above report three different theories have been studied that covers foremost requirements in modelling PR practice in an organisation. The case of Dr Dao is an example that shows that any bad news is broaden swiftly(Fogg, 2017). By applying agenda theory in their PR practice, the company could have stopped media making exaggerated reports of the incident. Also United Airlines could have made immediate press conference in which PR executors or the CEO himself have made apologies(Phelps, 2017). T he misconduct made by them hurtled the sentiments of general public as they put themselves under Dr Daos situation. Thus applying excellence theory here could have made PRs handle the situation accordingly. Inculcation of excellence theory in PR managers along with other staff members is also necessary so that they could understand their responsibility and avoid misbehaving in such dreadful manner in future. Technical errors can always be resolved tacitly and does not require making inconvenience to people(El-Erian, 2017). By applying social exchange theory, United Airlines can enhance its public support by giving people more value and integrate their demands into operation. Since the theory demands involving mass public in their managerial functions, the decisions on spot could have made in favour of Dr Dao and avoided the case to happen. Therefore on concluding note it can be said that to inculcate suitable PR theory is very significant and PR professionals must handle issues afte r making precise analysis of situations before implementing PR theories. References Adrienne. (2015). Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://www.communicationstudies.com/communication-theories/social-exchange-theory Bi, C. (2014). Excellence Theory in Public Relations: Social Media and Symmetrical Communication Model . Retrieved from https://nickybi.weebly.com/uploads/2/8/1/6/28164865/research_proposal_chang_bi.pdf BROWNING, N. (2008). BEYOND EXCELLENCE THEORY: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE GRUNIGIAN MODEL. Retrieved from https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/browning_nicholas_201005_ma.pdf Corbishley, R. (2016). Interpersonal Communication - Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/interpersonal-communication-social-exchange-theory-robert Cornelissen, J. P. (2000). Toward an Understanding of the Use of Academic Theories in Public Relations Practice. Retrieved from https://engine.koduleht.net/templates/kajatampere/files/mdl_files.php/academic_theories_of_pr.pdf Creative Commons. (2012). Models and Approaches to Public Relations. Retrieved from https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-relations/s04-models-and-approaches-to-publi.html Crossman, A. (2017). Understanding Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/social-exchange-theory-3026634 DeGroot, B. (2015). How PR 'Excellence' Theory and Subculture 'Best Practices' Can Transform Arboretum Employees into Brand Ambassadors. Retrieved from https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/173676/Capstone%20Barbara%20DeGroot%20Final.pdf?sequence=1 Dinsdale., J. (n.d.). Agenda Setting Theory. Retrieved from https://sites.psu.edu/jamiebaird/agenda-setting-theory/ El-Erian, M. A. (2017). Lessons from the United Airlines debacle. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11838315 Fogg, S. (2017). 4 Important Crisis Communications Lessons From The United Airlines PR Disaster. Retrieved from https://www.stevefogg.com/2017/04/13/crisis-communications-lessons-from-united-airlines-pr-disaster/ Grunig, J. E. (n.d.). Excellence Theory in Public Relations. Retrieved from https://www.kdpaine.blogs.com/files/encylopedia-of-communication-9781405131995_chapter_399.pdf Hazleton, C. B. (2006). Public Relations Theory 2. Retrieved from https://mlkent.com/PDFs/Taylor_Kent_PRT_2006.pdf Lint, J. (2017). United Airlines Incident Provides Management Case Studies for Business Schools. Retrieved from https://onlinecareertips.com/2017/04/united-airlines-management-case-studies/ Matei, S. A. (2010). Does agenda setting theory still apply to social media? Retrieved from https://matei.org/ithink/2010/07/28/does-agenda-setting-theory-apply-to-social-media/ McCombs, M. (n.d.). The Agenda-Setting Role of the Mass Media in the Shaping of Public Opinion . Retrieved from https://www.virtualrhetoric.com/onlineclass/moodledata/11/McCombsAgenda.pdf Netimperative. (2017). Crisis management case study: United Airlines. Retrieved from https://www.netimperative.com/2017/05/crisis-management-case-study-united-airlines/ Phelps, S. (2017). Five Lessons From United Airlines About Handling A Customer Experience Gone Bad. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/stanphelps/2017/04/13/five-lessons-from-united-airlines-about-handling-a-customer-experience-gone-bad/#749db8847bf6 Redmond, M. V. (2015). Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003context=engl_reports Rhee, Y. (2004). An Overview of Public Relations Theory . Retrieved from https://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/rheey/rhee_an%20overview.p