The End of the Cold War Essay - 1842 Words

The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union resulted in major shift in United States foreign policy. For years, the United States supported tyrannical dictators in return for stable anti-communist government receptive to United States interests. The Cold War resulted in a new world order with the United States as the lone global hegemonic power. In Eastern Europe in particular, the end of the Cold War ushered in an era of economic growth and a large increase in the number of liberal democracies. Although the world saw a large increase in liberal democracies, a new regime type referred to as competitive authoritarianism began to emerge. According to Levitsky and Way, â€Å"In competitive authoritarian regimes, formal†¦show more content†¦In these systems, the regimes possess some of these characteristics but have found ways to manipulate the system to consolidate their power. â€Å"Rather than openly violating democratic rules (for example, by banning or repressing the opposition and the media), incumbents are more likely to use bribery, co-optation, and more subtle forms of persecution, such as the use of tax authorities, compliant judiciaries, and other state agencies to ‘legally’ harass, persecute, or extort cooperative behavior from critics† . While it is apparent that these regimes are not fully democratic, it would be unfair to label them as fully authoritarian either. Unlike traditional totalitarian governments, the persistence of true democratic institutions in competitive authoritarian regimes allows the opposition to contest, weaken and occasionally even defeat autocratic incumbents. While these situations are generally uncommon, these situations are possible in competitive authoritarianism due to four independent means, the electoral arena, the legislature, the judiciary and the media. These four branches are virtually independent of the executive control however, unlike in democracies, the competitive authoritarian regimes use its power to undermine their independence. â€Å"In regards to the electoral arena, large-scale abuses of state power, biased media coverage, harassment of opposition candidates and activists are widespread, legislatures tend to be relatively weak, theShow MoreRelatedThe End Of Cold War2804 Words   |  12 PagesThe End of Cold War: An Analysis Cold War should be considered as one of the most important events that stirred the global political world and it should be considered as an event the end of which reshaped the socio-economic and political structure of myriads of nations across the globe. The end of the Cold War ensured the demise of the Soviet instigated communism and the rise of democracy once again. But it should be noted that just like the emergence of the Cold War the end of the Cold War was notRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe end of the cold war, is often considered as marking the dawn of a fundamentally different political environment. This change in environment, has brought about new salient questions by scholars and policy makers about the relevance of nuclear weapons in the world. In his article, ‘learning to love the bomb’ Jonathan Tepperman calls president Obama’s plan to rid the world off nuclear weapons wrong, dreamy, unrealistic and a big mistake. I foun d this article interesting as it seems rather paradoxicalRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War930 Words   |  4 PagesThe end of the Cold War marks more than just the end of the arms race, between the Soviet Union and the United States, it also marks the weakening of communism. Communism, the greatest enemy to the west during the Cold War had to be put down at any cost, this meant supporting militaristic dictatorships that were against communism. The weakening of communism, however, ignited Global Democratic Revolutions in which the people sought to gain the power back from the government. These revolutions wereRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The most important turning point in contemporary history was propitiated by the end of the Cold War, when one of the fields of the bipolar era disappeared, opening the way for a unipolar world under American imperial hegemony. The United States immediately began to use its unquestionable superiority, seeking to transfer the conflicts to the military confrontation. The apex of this policy of militarization of conflicts was in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya (Missiroli, 2015). Although inRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay4338 Words   |  18 PagesAbstract: This article discusses the end of the Cold War, covering the period from Reagan?s inauguration to the reunification of Germany, which marked the end of the last remnant in Europe of the Cold War. It looks at several factors that brought the conflict to a close: arms control, human rights issues, and ongoing conflicts in Latin America between the Soviet Union and the United States. The most important meetings and summits between the United States and the Soviet Union are discussed, includingRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1435 Words   |  6 PagesDespite the hope for democracy and political stability in the last two decades, crises and armed conflicts remain a serious impediment to development in many countries. Moreover, if some specialists say that the end of the Cold War at the beginning of the 1990s spelled the end of conflicts created through the East-West confrontation, the following years have shown the predominance of intra-state crises, thus forcing the United Nations (UN) to review its strategies for peace and security. In extremelyRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1069 Words   |  5 PagesAt the end of the Cold War, a more widespread interest in post conflict reconstruction was becoming more prevalent. The main components of this interest during the post reconciliation period were accountability and reconciliation. To facilitate this in two different post conflict environments, two respective trib unals were established. These tribunals were known as the ICTY (The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, est.1993) and ICTR (International Criminal Tribunal for RwandaRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War2747 Words   |  11 PagesThe United Nations was handed the sacred duty of, in its own words, â€Å"to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.† While the UN was able to prevent another great war, and to an extent other large regional wars, it has still not met its key tenet of saving generations from the scourge of war. I believe that the UN has failed to promote peace successfully in the world, and its job as facilitator of peace hasn’t been met when countless conflicts have continued all over the globe. I believeRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War928 Words   |  4 Pages The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union were heralded by many as the end of history. Economic and political liberalism, it was argued, had triumphed over all other political and economic systems and was thus going to usher the world into an era of endless freedom and stability. This new global system, bounded by the principles of democracy and free market capitalism, was promoted as being the panacea for the liberation of the individual from the ills and control of old bureaucraciesRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay2178 Words   |  9 PagesThe end of the Cold War created new dimensions for bilateral and multilateral international relations, including the U.S.-Vietnam relations. From the demand of normalizing the bilateral diplomatic ties, the U.S. detailed a four-phase roadmap in April 1991, which associated closely with resolving the Vietnam’s military involvement in the Cambodian conflict, and the U.S. prisoners of war/missing in action (POW/M IA) issue during the war in Vietnam. In 1995, the U.S. and Vietnam officially announced

The Works and Influence of Andy Warhol - 1415 Words

The artist is influenced by everything around him. Social changes, economic situation, religion, personal situation, the environment in which he lives. All these factors influence the work of the artist. Many artists have used this influence to represent the society in which they live, creating an artistic archive, which later serves to decrypt the society in which the artist lived. These files consist of pictures, paintings, objects, installations, videos, photographs, books of notes and any work produced by the artist. The problem of memory and the past is undoubtedly central in contemporary art production. The literature is abundant and the practical number, positions, procedures and strategies is such that single enumeration of its variety is almost endless. Aside, of course, debates on the issue of the monument and its relationship to the public memory, usually memory practices swirling in lathe file problem. The file, understood as the work in the space - the display, what has been called the archival aesthetic-, but as a method of work around the question of document. In this sense, it is possible to observe how a large number of artists work directly with objects, images, texts, stories, sounds... documents that pertain to your environment. Indexes, presences real history, that are used, post-produced - by using the notion of Bourriaud-, assembled and integrated in the work, provided through the collection and the deployment of the documentary in theShow MoreRelatedAndy Warhol And His Influence On Art1699 Words   |  7 Pagesusually point out all the classics; van Gogh, da Vinci, Monet, and Picasso. However, even though they are all extremely renowned, Andy Warhol is right up in that list of top guns. His style of art was a major influence on art today; in fact, Andy Warhol is one of the most significant artists of the 20th century. Various famous people come from a modest life and Andy Warhol is one of them. He was born to Slovakian immigrants as Andrew Warhola in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. His fatherRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol being one of the biggest influences in my work made him the obvious choice for this assignment. I see Warhols influence on the world we live in everyday and strongly believe he helped in creating the pop culture obsession in America. Andy went from rags to riches and defines the American dream. His work has inspired many and continues to be recognized by people throughout the world. Born August 6, 1928 to Andrej and Julia Warhola, Andy was the youngest of three brothers. AndysRead MoreIs Andy Warhol a Genius of Art and Culture?793 Words   |  3 PagesThis research paper studies the graft and career of Andy Warhol and presents the question of whether Warhol should be regarded--as a genius of art or a culture thief. Many credit Andy Warhol with revolutionizing and influencing 20th Century art and culture. However, Although Warhol had a successful and rewarding life; His childhood was nothing less than average. His life was a struggle: As young lad he contracted rheumatic fever and as a result he suffered from neurological problems. His was bornRead MoreAndy Warhols Influence on the Art World Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I think about interpretation of art I think of Andy Warhol. Andy Warhol’s use of iconography changed not only the art world but the people who came into contact with his art. Once you understand his life and art, you will unders tand his art as a symbolic representation. Andy Warhol (Andrew Warhola) was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. His parents were Julia and Ondrej Warhola and was the youngest of three boys. Warhol became ill with St. Vitus disease when he was youngerRead MoreAttention Getter : The American Culture1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough them. Today I m going to talk about one man that took these concepts into his artistic ability and thereby created a whole new culture in what we see is art today. This man who is considered one of the fathers of pop art goes by the name of Andy Warhol. or When we eat a slice of pizza we tend to wash it down with a bottle of Coke when we re feeling sick we tend to have some Campbell s chicken noodle soup when we think of rock n roll the name Elvis Presley comes to mind and for America sRead MoreWarhol : A Artist And A Prominent Figure Into The Pop Art Movement1300 Words   |  6 PagesAndy Warhol was a multimedia artist and a prominent figure in the Pop Art Movement. Andrew Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From 1945 to 1949, Warhola studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. In 1949, he moved and settled in New York and changed his surname to Warhol. He then worked as a Commercial artist. In the earlier years of the 1960’s, Warhol enjoyed experimenting with large mass advertisements, magazines, and other images. In 1962, he started working on the Marilyn MonroeRead MoreAndy Warhol s Book Of Etiquette963 Words   |  4 PagesAndy Warhol was born August 6th 1928, in Forest City, Pennsylvania. His family com es from the Austria-Hungary Empire. His father came over from there in 1912 and then sent for his mother to come over here in 1921. Andy graduated from High School in 1945 from Schenley High School in Pittsburgh, PA. He then went onto college and graduated in 1949 from Carnegie-Mellon University. He moved to New York City after college, where he met Tina Fredericks who was an art editor for Glamour magazine. Read MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On Modern Art1561 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious artists studied in the course, Andy Warhol is definitely one of the most influential. Far ahead of his time in thinking and talented in several media forms, Warhol was a product of his time and defined his era with the use of his artwork, giving rise to other artists within the same time period. This paper will argue that Warhol was not only an influence to modern art, he defined the concept of pop art, which combined consumerism and pop culture, creating works that questioned the norm of societyRead MorePop Art As A Form Of Art1014 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant cultural event in history because it showed relatable events an d topics. Andy Warhol is a famous artist in Pop Art history. His original name is Andrew Warhola. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. His parents Julia and Ondrej Warhola were immigrants from Rusyn who came to the United States for a better life. Together they had three children, Andy and his two brothers Andy was the youngest. Warhol wasn’t just an artist, he was also a filmmaker. The type of films he made areRead MoreThe Movement Of Pop Art991 Words   |  4 Pagesgod father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, this paper will analyse the movement of Pop art as well as Andy Warhol‘s artwork: Tomato Campbell’s

Sexual Biography Free Essays

To be honest, I do not remember any milestone or turning point of my sexual biography. My sexual awareness came smoothly and naturally as I grew up. The events I am going to tell will be pretty vague in terms of time order and my feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have no idea when I began noticing that girls and boys have different parts but it was not earlier than my first grade. However, I did notice that there was something from the girls in class that made me blush and acting awkwardly when I had to talk to them. Also, the boys in my fourth grade talked about condom everyday, so I perhaps knew how condom was used, but it would not be a proper way even before I were aware of what a penis could do. I masturbated quite often until I were 14 and had a first relationship. The reason were self masturbated felt good andI thought no one would know about it. But my dad knew eventually. One day he talked to me about it, but in an awkward way. That time I was embarrassed, but I also wondered why he had to behave so unnaturally. He expected me to tell my little brother later on, but I never told him so I bet he did it himself. I read much about masturbation and knew people found it embarrassing themselves when doing it, but I have never thought masturbation was a guilty behavior or some kind of sins. I barely asked my parents about how I was born. Actually we did not talk much about everything. I remember I asked my mom just one time. She pointed at her navel and said I came from that little hole and I believed her. When I was around 12, I still wondered is if girls are interested in taking about boys? Of course I didn’t know what they would do together! I didn’t even wonder if girls masturbate.I thought they were some kind of godlike creature, some kind of angels that don’t do things boys do. But now I know female also want the things male want, although they want less than male do. Also, I liked a girl who was 2 years younger than me in middle school. I was bothered by the fact that I have had wanted a girlfriend in the same age. I thought I should not like that girl, that it was immoral and going against the natural order of the community. I fought against those thoughts and eventually gave up. After that, I didn’t think it immoral anymore†¦ I am recently in a relationship with a young lady who is 2 years younger than me.We have sex and were very clear about premarital sex. Unlike before I now have very clear position about controversial issues such as premarital sex, abortion, gay marriage and transgender. I am also aware of condom, menstruation, pregnancy, masturbation, oral sex and sex positions†¦ The fact were I and my partner agreed not to have sex until marriage, but we failed and committed to intercourse sex 3 times per week. It has been 2 years since we started having sex and it feel good and splendid. But more than that, we feel great and secure since we are together. How to cite Sexual Biography, Papers

Case Study of United Airlines-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report outlining the PR Errors made by company in a real Case from the Business World. Answer: Introduction Developing public image of an organisation in front of public and to manage issues in the company is most important job of employees. Public Relation theories are therefore considered significantly by organisations to make sound communication skills and maintain proper public relation process(Creative Commons, 2012). Professional trainees inculcate PR practices into their operations by outlining core principles of PR in business, third parties, governments and customers. In United States and other Western countries, PR has become a key strength in making organisational communication which is practised by management and associations. In strategic management, the role of PR practitioners has become vital to build public relations and accomplish the core objectives of organisation(Cornelissen, 2000). Many authors have identified PR roles in organisations and provided with various models that can be applied by management to enhance their PR practices. Theories if applied can provide mana gers with effective tools to formulate basic communication plan addressing organisations issues and requirements. The basic elements of public relation include media relation, issues management, internal communications and crisis communiqu. PR theories those are practised and prove beneficial to the firm are the ones that always lead organisations to develop healthy public relation and should be incorporated by managers to ascertain acceptable and tactful decision at the time of dilemma. No single theory single-handedly can help managements to accomplish public relation in organisation as different situations demands diverse solutions(Lint, 2017). Thus it becomes necessary for them to look into different perspectives and make close study of theories those are related to public relationship along with studying mass communication techniques(Hazleton, 2006). This report will make research of three PR theories that can provide assistance to the managers of United Airlines while making s uggestion for the below case study. Outline Of The Case Study One of the reputed airline industries CEO Munoz received an Oscar in the year 2017 and was given a title of U.S. Communicator of the Year by PR weekly magazine for which the company acknowledged immense reputation. Unfortunately the incident which happened one month later caused crash of $ 1 billion in value and was recorded as a worst PR disaster in airline industry(Netimperative, 2017). The misbehaviour of companys staff with an airline passenger Dr David Dao positioned whole airline industry in the microscope. The incident took place on 9th April 2017 where security officers hauled one of their paying passengers Dr David Dao off the flight that was scheduled from Chicago to Louisville in Kentucky. Dr Dao was so traumatised that he had to be admitted to the hospital. Other passenger showed responsibility and recorded the entire incident through their Smartphones to expose the bad behaviour of flight attendants. Dr Dao was forcibly pulled down the aircraft aisle along with his wife and children by security representative for overbooking his reservation. Instead of apologising for the injuries of Dr Dao caused due to misconduct of United Airlines staff, the CEO apologised only for the getting him re-accommodated with another passenger. Even the company failed to admit their part of negligence and accused Dr Dao to be disruptive and belligerent.Since the company did not reacted fairly, social medias got frenzy until Munoz made a written apology to Dr Dao. The fiasco clearly proves that if United Airlines would have made positive attempts earlier, lesser damages would have been made to its image. The company requires implementing PR theories in its operation so that such incident is not repeated(Lint, 2017). The Excellence Theory The excellence theory of Grunig and Hunt has been dominating the theory and practises of PR. The theory relates to different concepts like two way symmetrical communication, contribution to society, cultural difference, and ethics to maintain public relations. The excellence theory describes the role of communicators and management functions in performing their PR responsibly. Grunig have given more stress on optimising public relation model as two way symmetrical models that performs function of two way balanced communications to administer conflicts while improving indulgence with public(DeGroot, 2015). In strategic management practises, good relationships among organisations develops the power of achieving desired goals by both public and managements. By reducing negative publicity and providing expected service to stakeholders, PR practitioners can prove effective and can nurture extended symmetrical relation within the company and people(Grunig). The excellence theory further categorises into three sections i.e. Empowerment which suggests management to empower public relations as a crucial managerial function. Second section states Communicator role which suggests management to allow public relations play a part in administrative and professional role. Third section states Organisation of Communication function which suggests inculcating public relations as an integrated part of communication process and not only marketing or other management function(Rhee, 2004). Thus organisations support excellence theory as it enables them to pursue their mission by building public relations that supports in gaining ultimate goals. The communication programs made strategically also helps organisations managing interdependence amid considered publics. To build an effective organisational leadership, two way mutual communications is required to satisfy the workforce and build a strong brand. Another significant characteristic of excellence theory is diversity that corresponds to categorize people according to age, race, religion, etc. The theory states that to maintain different situation, the managers have to react according to the people present as not always their experience counterparts. Sometimes it becomes necessary for the managers to bend the situation and accept to undertake the responsibilities, especially when public support is negative. Many researchers claims that excellence theory does not qualifies to all necessities as this theory gives more stress on maintaining pubic relation rather than enhancing internal knowledge(BROWNING, 2008). In United Airlines excellence theory can help its managers to inculcate communication systems with public along with developing function of management crisis(Bi, 2014). The theory will help its co workers get an insight of customers they need to deal with and make assumptions about dealing the situations tactfully. The case study shows that due to some technical errors the seat got over booked which not the fault of in flight representatives. Still they could have man aged the situation properly after applying excellence theory into their system as it would have helped in enhancing their PR. Social Exchange Theory Social exchange theory interprets society as a sequence of interactions among people those are based on guesstimate of rewards and chastisement. In other words it means we get what we deserve according to our reactions made. The theory was founded by George Homans which was further developed by Richard Emerson and Peter Blau. According to social exchange theory, people are more likely to repeat those interactions that are liked by masses rather than disapproved ones(Crossman, 2017). Thus it becomes easier for managers to decide the required actions needed be taken with the help of past experiences of rewarded and failed ones. If any decision made by managers that gains continuous rewards or exceeds punishments, then rewarded ideas are inculcated in their PR practices. Social Exchange theory can be calculated according to the formula of: Behaviour or profit= Reward from interaction-cost of interaction(Redmond, 2015). The theory when applied to general practises of organisation, rewards gained can be in the form of normal gestures, public support, increased profits, sound publicity and brand recognition. Punishments here refer to bad publicity, decrease in share profits, discontent among customers and disapproval from government. This theory is also applicable to social media from organisations perspective. Since social media plays an important role in nowadays business world, both negative and positive attempts are made by them. Social media become a link in between organisations and public. Thus critical monitoring of social media becomes vital for big companies and shall not be underestimated when it comes to emotional factors. The case study of Dr Dao has proven the bad effects of social media from companys perspective as it had made the incident spread worldwide within no time. If United Airlines would have implemented social exchange theory into their PR practises such disaster may have been avoided(Corbishley, 2016). Basic principle of social exchange theory is applied when people or organisations seeks to gain something of greater value than costs for which social decisions are needed to be made. The variables of costs and profits changes and are relevant to persons needs who demands fair decisions. Social exchange theory demands interaction between two people at least in which both expects to gain rewards that can be tangible or intangible. Social exchange theory also implements motivation to make increased returns by applying specific interactions with public to develop interpersonal relationships(Adrienne, 2015). While developed social exchange is made in workplace and social groups, it may develop social power and control over social networking also. Although many critiques have questioned about this theory as it deals with social structures only rather than individuals. The theory over simplifies human interactions and conduct in public relations as decisions are judged by assumptions only. The system is based only on reward and punishments rather than describing the ability to manage situations. Thus, along with social exchange theory other theories shall also be implemented in order to avoid PR disasters. Agenda Setting Theory To attempt solving issues regarding public interest, examining the mass media coverage is very important. The media whether digital or public are important associates that decide the amount of coverage is required to be given on specific issue. The theory of agenda setting was introduced by Donald Shaw and Maxwell McCombs in the year 1972(Dinsdale.). The theory had evolved itself from agenda setting into major mass communications field in todays world of business practices. To become efficient in maintaining public relation it is necessary to understand the theory of agenda setting and to incorporate it into PR practices has became very crucial. The relationship between public agenda and media can be defined in terms of salience. The transferring of leading informations from media to public is made that is further decided about how much the information or issue is important. The media covers the issue and repeats in front of general public until it affects their decision making. The media not only transfers basic issues details but also adds certain characteristics to it in order to make information more important. The theory not only reflects negative issues but also spreading positive information that may help organisations develop. In Dr David Dao case, media played a crucial part which raged general public to such an extent that United Airlines had to face immense losses of profits as well as reputation. Thus agenda theory needs to be studied crucially and must be implemented in United Airlines to tackle mass Medias precisely. The theory further expands into three parts that details the level of its implementation. Policy agenda setting is the first level in which consideration of affects of media coverage and its ability to influence others is made. Socially significant those are non complex in nature are easily absorbed by general public. Therefore an adequate amount of attention is provided by them and while presence of public is higher, the news is pretended to spread in prompt manner. Also to garner people support and interest becomes easy if the topic is related to general group. Second level i.e. media agenda setting decides which type of information shall be represented socially by Medias and news publ ications by organisations. Normally editors, journalists and publishers are contacted to make agenda settings by PR practitioners of companies. Different elements are studied by gatekeepers of Medias while deciding upon which information shall be disclosed in front of public. The final stage of agenda setting is public agenda setting which deals with community behavioural reaction to mass communication. The theory calculates the reaction of public and the amount of effects the information may make to any company. Public gets involved quickly as they find the issues being interesting and can likely affect them also. Many business competitors also take advantage and make viral marketing strategies by distributing false informations about their rivals(McCombs). The role of PR professionals is to influence public interests on behalf of their company by using agenda theory. The representatives of social media rely on PR professionals of companies to get informations while making agendas for mass media. Normally big organisations hold press conferences and public meeting in which media coverage is made in order to share significant information with nation. PR practitioners must make a precise decision on what agendas must be put on that shall prove beneficial for the firm and public. Therefore the above theory is made to inculcate thought out manner of making decisions by PR managers and regulate informations tacitly that does not hamper the reputation of their company. In the case of United Airlines, the PR professionals seemed to act unconsciously which led the entire company fall into coverage of bad publicity. The theory if applied into companys PR practising system shall prevent getting vulnerable to such catastrophic situations(Matei, 20 10). Recommendations After making study of different PR theories and analysing PR errors in practical world, it can be said that not one theory can provide assistance to PR professionals. Since different situations demands different undertakings, the PR practise applied shall be decided tactfully and only then after accomplishes the role of a PR practitioner. Different models of PR theories has been reviewed in this report that can be applied in the situation of removal of Dr David Dao from United Airlines. In the above report three different theories have been studied that covers foremost requirements in modelling PR practice in an organisation. The case of Dr Dao is an example that shows that any bad news is broaden swiftly(Fogg, 2017). By applying agenda theory in their PR practice, the company could have stopped media making exaggerated reports of the incident. Also United Airlines could have made immediate press conference in which PR executors or the CEO himself have made apologies(Phelps, 2017). T he misconduct made by them hurtled the sentiments of general public as they put themselves under Dr Daos situation. Thus applying excellence theory here could have made PRs handle the situation accordingly. Inculcation of excellence theory in PR managers along with other staff members is also necessary so that they could understand their responsibility and avoid misbehaving in such dreadful manner in future. Technical errors can always be resolved tacitly and does not require making inconvenience to people(El-Erian, 2017). By applying social exchange theory, United Airlines can enhance its public support by giving people more value and integrate their demands into operation. Since the theory demands involving mass public in their managerial functions, the decisions on spot could have made in favour of Dr Dao and avoided the case to happen. Therefore on concluding note it can be said that to inculcate suitable PR theory is very significant and PR professionals must handle issues afte r making precise analysis of situations before implementing PR theories. References Adrienne. (2015). Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://www.communicationstudies.com/communication-theories/social-exchange-theory Bi, C. (2014). Excellence Theory in Public Relations: Social Media and Symmetrical Communication Model . Retrieved from https://nickybi.weebly.com/uploads/2/8/1/6/28164865/research_proposal_chang_bi.pdf BROWNING, N. (2008). BEYOND EXCELLENCE THEORY: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE GRUNIGIAN MODEL. Retrieved from https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/browning_nicholas_201005_ma.pdf Corbishley, R. (2016). Interpersonal Communication - Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/interpersonal-communication-social-exchange-theory-robert Cornelissen, J. P. (2000). Toward an Understanding of the Use of Academic Theories in Public Relations Practice. Retrieved from https://engine.koduleht.net/templates/kajatampere/files/mdl_files.php/academic_theories_of_pr.pdf Creative Commons. (2012). Models and Approaches to Public Relations. Retrieved from https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-relations/s04-models-and-approaches-to-publi.html Crossman, A. (2017). Understanding Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/social-exchange-theory-3026634 DeGroot, B. (2015). How PR 'Excellence' Theory and Subculture 'Best Practices' Can Transform Arboretum Employees into Brand Ambassadors. Retrieved from https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/173676/Capstone%20Barbara%20DeGroot%20Final.pdf?sequence=1 Dinsdale., J. (n.d.). Agenda Setting Theory. Retrieved from https://sites.psu.edu/jamiebaird/agenda-setting-theory/ El-Erian, M. A. (2017). Lessons from the United Airlines debacle. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11838315 Fogg, S. (2017). 4 Important Crisis Communications Lessons From The United Airlines PR Disaster. Retrieved from https://www.stevefogg.com/2017/04/13/crisis-communications-lessons-from-united-airlines-pr-disaster/ Grunig, J. E. (n.d.). Excellence Theory in Public Relations. Retrieved from https://www.kdpaine.blogs.com/files/encylopedia-of-communication-9781405131995_chapter_399.pdf Hazleton, C. B. (2006). Public Relations Theory 2. Retrieved from https://mlkent.com/PDFs/Taylor_Kent_PRT_2006.pdf Lint, J. (2017). United Airlines Incident Provides Management Case Studies for Business Schools. Retrieved from https://onlinecareertips.com/2017/04/united-airlines-management-case-studies/ Matei, S. A. (2010). Does agenda setting theory still apply to social media? Retrieved from https://matei.org/ithink/2010/07/28/does-agenda-setting-theory-apply-to-social-media/ McCombs, M. (n.d.). The Agenda-Setting Role of the Mass Media in the Shaping of Public Opinion . Retrieved from https://www.virtualrhetoric.com/onlineclass/moodledata/11/McCombsAgenda.pdf Netimperative. (2017). Crisis management case study: United Airlines. Retrieved from https://www.netimperative.com/2017/05/crisis-management-case-study-united-airlines/ Phelps, S. (2017). Five Lessons From United Airlines About Handling A Customer Experience Gone Bad. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/stanphelps/2017/04/13/five-lessons-from-united-airlines-about-handling-a-customer-experience-gone-bad/#749db8847bf6 Redmond, M. V. (2015). Social Exchange Theory. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003context=engl_reports Rhee, Y. (2004). An Overview of Public Relations Theory . Retrieved from https://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/rheey/rhee_an%20overview.p

The Catcher in the Rye Review Essay Example

The Catcher in the Rye Review Paper Essay on The Catcher in the Rye Review Review the following difficult to call. Rather, it is the thrill of a book or a story about how I read it. In general, you will not find it in the usual order, you read in the reviews: no plot, no characters indiscriminately. Just a feeling. I do not know how lucky I am that I have read The Catcher in the Rye in 16 years, exactly as many as there are immortal Holden Caulfield in the book. For the first time in 16 years, she loved it I burst into my life, like pigeons sometimes fly into the window and look knowingly and with sadness. Thats really had never thought that kind of book that will be able to turn my beliefs about life. But at 16 we are so sure of themselves! .. At the age of 18, I read it again. The book I once swallowed a gulp was bad, I remember, I was able to read it not, throwing before me vile she suddenly seemed. All who read it in the 18 and after the first time, too, thought it worthless, and since then has not changed his opinion. But I was lucky. We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I still come back to it. So, perhaps it should have happened. Falling in love with something once, you definitely will return to it, to make sure that it was not in vain. That something had to remain still. Because otherwise, you just cheated. No, not deceived. The Catcher in the Rye, after all these years, is still one of my favorite books. Perhaps, the most beloved. In any case, it is the best that I have ever read. There is a category of books that should be read carefully in my life. So, The Catcher in the Rye, read, and read in 16 years. Then you will understand it, because hope, that miracles exist in this age alive and his brain still resists the foundations of civilization. Paradoxically, but for me this is the case. P.S. The name for the title came to me by chance, but that surprised me the most. After reading the book, you will understand why it is so. Hopefully you will be able to understand. The Catcher in the Rye Review Essay Example The Catcher in the Rye Review Paper Essay on The Catcher in the Rye For the first time thin little book in a dark green cover caught my eye when I was ten. I asked my mother what she was, and she said she did not know, after all and could not read it. It seems that less than a year from the day when I finally read The Catcher in the Rye. It is difficult to say that this story has shaken me, I just felt a keen awareness of how close to me Holden. It seemed that all of this happened just yesterday, and lined up in front of me a string of ducks, Jane, checkers, hunting cap, a broken plate, dark apartment I read the book again and again, took with him to the south, until the yellowed pages of old editions have not started fly. Then I bought a new, thick book article about the author, with nine stories and two novellas. After reading about Salinger as a person, I fell into depression. I was sad to think of the old man locked in his imaginary world, including the Glass and old movies. I thought it could not be called a good and kind. A perusal of the works of these most GLASS, not to cause me to emotional response, like Caulfield, I was disappointed in it. The only one in this family, I liked was Buddy, and the closest to me the story You, Esme, with love and misery. Teddy is simply terrified. He seemed far-fetched and unpleasant, bilious. So, meet the author better, with some misgivings, I returned to a favorite story. Still, my opinion has not changed very much, though, The Catcher in the Rye and was deprived of the charm in my eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The next step was the purchase of the English version, in order to enhance language skills. But, alas, the expectations were not met, because from the first lines, it became clear that I remember the story by heart! Somewhere deep in my mind kept this work, and reading the English version, I easily extract from the head of the translation. Perhaps my attachment to this book, it may seem strange, but in fact, millions of teenagers across earth read into it, and each of them in Holden learns something from him, as I do. That is why this brilliant thing, the only genius of all creativity Salinger, for decades will not go to the front of shelves of books, and I will be patient, as the latest fool, waiting publication unprinted stories by this author, now deceased. You know that by shooting Lennon, his killer sat down on the pavement under the lamp, opened The Catcher in the Rye and began to read? Perhaps this crazy trying to rid the world of falsehood and limes. Who knows. This book may encourage many things.

Your Role in a Small Team Essay Example

Your Role in a Small Team Essay Example Your Role in a Small Team Essay Your Role in a Small Team Essay * * Your Role in a Past Small Team and Group Paper * * â€Å"Whether you are one of those people who likes group work or one who finds it frustrating and a waste of time, evidence suggests that groups are here to stay. Human beings collaborate. We are raised in groups, educated in groups, and entertained in groups; we worship in groups and work in groups. † (Beebe, Beebe Ivy, 2013) A team is any group of people organized to work together interdependently and cooperatively to accomplish a common purpose or a goal. Everyone will come into a situation in life where they are obligated to work in a team or group setting. The team that I am going to reference is one that I am apart of daily. As a manager at my current job I am apart of a team of higher management. There are currently four members of our management team; our store manager, and three assistant managers. As management, are duties are to ensure that everything runs smoothly and associates complete tasks. In addition, it is our responsibility to set a good example to our team of associates so that we can lead by example. Us as a management team have different qualities then let’s say a team for school or a sport would be. All of us started at different times and at different positions. Because we all come from different backgrounds and experiences we all look at our job a little differently but we still have one goal in common. In the beginning stages of our career we were eager to learn and take on task that we had never come in contact with before. Everything was a new experience and each day was a new lesson. Now as we have progressed in our position and the basic are down some of us have lost interest in our position and feel the need for advancement. Recently, as a team we can’t seem to work together and agree on a common goal for the business. As I mentioned, we are all in different stages of our career so some of us seem to posses more ambition and passion then others. Seeing the frustration mount, I suggested that we hold a store meeting to address any issues and express our feelings to one another. After our meeting I feel like a lot of animosity and stress towards each other and our job were greatly reduced. We were able to talk about our strengths and weaknesses individually and as a team. My store manager and myself have been with the company the longest so we are usually the ones to take on the leadership role. By us being the leaders of our team we saw that there was an issue and we knew we needed to resolve it. By us taking the lead and organizing a meeting we were able to resolve the issues. Unfortunately, the other two managers lack leadership, which does affect the team as a whole. Our team was not effective, but now it is. We did not all have a common goal among us and roles were not taken seriously. Now we are a team that works together and learned to compromise with one another. Everyone in our team is a understanding and loyal member so that made it easier to build and grown as a team. Communication is such a huge factor in a successful team. Without communication a team will fail and cannot advance. Thanks to our teams constant communication we were able to resolve our negatives and build our strengths. Since we are all different and diverse we had a lot of different opinions among us but that was a good thing. Instead of always thinking â€Å"My opinion is right and everyone else is wrong† we were able to hear each others argument and see everyone’s point of view more clearly. Without a goal a team has no purpose. When a team or a group has a goal in common it gives them motivation and drive to work together and get what needs to be done, done. Everyone in a team should have a role. Weather it’s a leader of the team or just a member every aspect is imperative to a successful team. It’s good to assign one team member as a leader so there is someone to provide structure and make sure assignments or projects are done on time and correctly. According to Beebe, Beebe Ivy, 2013 â€Å"The role of leader, a person who influences others in the group, is a special kind of role, and more than one person can assume it. † Ground rules should be put in place to ensure everyone is on the same page. Groups and teams are dynamic. A variety of factors influence the ever-changing nature of members’ interactions in groups and teams. References 1. Beebe, S. A. , Beebe, S. J. , Ivy, D. K. (2013). Communication: Principles for a lifetime (5thed. ).

David's the Death of Socrates and Baxandall The period eye Essay

David's the Death of Socrates and Baxandall The period eye - Essay Example The essay "David's the Death of Socrates and Baxandall The period eye" discovers David's painting called The Death of Socrates and the article of Baxandall called The period eye. In the middle of a group there is a man emotionally telling something to them. His right arm is raised in an argumentative gesture. His left arm is leisurely reaching for a golden cup, held by a young man in red. What is happening in the picture? Is this man telling them about the death of Socrates, which makes them mourn so much? Or is it Socrates himself? Then why is he still alive? People acquainted with Socrates’ story understand that the scene takes place in a prison and that Socrates, sentenced to death, is to drink a cup of hemlock. The philosopher is sitting on the couch in the middle of the canvass surrounded by his friends and disciplines, all of them crying and grieving. Loyal to his ideas of the immortality of human soul, Socrates has decisively and calmly chosen death. He continues teachi ng his disciplines till his last breath. At the moment he is pronouncing his final words, reaching for a cup without looking at it, as if death is a casual and trivial event in his life. This interpretation can be done only by people, who have heard of Socrates story. However, there are still many questions to be answered. Why did the painter choose this plot for his work? What was his message? Why did he depict the scene in exactly this way? There is only one thing we may say for sure: the picture must have expressed.

Organizational behavior - interpersonal skills and managerial roles Essay

Organizational behavior - interpersonal skills and managerial roles - Essay Example The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning implies setting objectives and identifies the actions that must be performed to achieve the objectives (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003). Organizing involves dividing work structures into individual tasks and arranging the organizational resources to accomplish those tasks. Leading refers to the act of creating enthusiasm among the workers so that they work hard to accomplish tasks successfully (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003). Controlling is related to the act of monitoring the performance of the employees and taking corrective action whenever necessary. All the managerial functions are equally important. An important interpersonal skill that a manager must possess is good communication skills. The manager must be good at both written and verbal communication. He must use verbal communication to inspire and motivate the workers to achieve a higher level of performance. Employees that are properly motivated by the manager are more productive. A manager can motivate an employee by using intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. An example of an intrinsic reward is telling an employee he did a good job on a task, while an example of an extrinsic reward is offering a financial incentive such as a bonus. Managers must be good active listeners. â€Å"To listen means we not only understand what you have to say, we can practically apply your thought process back to you† (Nelson, 1995). They must have great writing skills because managers are required to write reports for the different stakeholders group of the company which includes lenders, suppliers, investors, employees, government, and the board of directors. Three essential skills that a manager must possess are technical skill, human skill, and emotional intelligence. Human skills refer to the ability to work well with

Entrepreneurship choose one of two questions to write ) Essay

Entrepreneurship choose one of two questions to write ) - Essay Example They also take risks and engage other individuals in implementing ideas. The individuals who develop such ideas posses appropriate characteristics and behaviours for the development and success of a business. These qualities range from creativity, persistent, risk-taking, influence, time management and leadership qualities. An entrepreneur is responsible for the success of the business and any failures result to business closure or a reduction in profits. Various theories and laws define entrepreneurship in the economic world (Bygrave and Zacharakis, 2010). The resonant alternative entrepreneurship theories explain its various aspects including uniqueness, personality, and creativity. The alternative theories are also useful in explaining various elements that facilitate effective business development. The alternate arguments for entrepreneurship describe entrepreneurs and their involvement in business development. The theories focus on either individual entrepreneurs or recognition of opportunities. Most of the alternative assumptions reflect essential entrepreneurial phenomena such as the entrepreneur, the decision-making process and the nature of business opportunities (Alvarez, 2005). The alternative approach to entrepreneurship is an excellent avenue to establishing various elements regarding innovation and contemporary entrepreneurship. They are further useful in explaining the development of successful entrepreneurship characteristics. The alternative theories explain how the uniqueness of entrepreneurs influences their success in implementing business ideas. The applications and the impact of these theories reflect on the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurship alternative theories include the discovery and the creative theories (Bygrave and Zacharakis, 2010). The discovery theory entails discovery, existence and exploitation of opportunities, and individual influence. The theory comprises of three different

Should The Internet Be Regulated Media Essay

Should The Internet Be Regulated Media Essay Internet censorship has become a hot topic to discuss at various levels in the government as well as within private entities and individuals. This is the taking control of what can be accessed viewed or published through the net (Zuchora, 5). It has been argued as to who should be mandated with the responsibility of internet control. This may be approved by the government or private organizations. There may be also self censorship by individuals and private organizations for their own advantage such as morals, religious and business reasons. However much has been said that the government should take control of the information sent and received through the internet. Some of the motives why the government is prepared to take control are to conform to society norms, control intimidation among people and also spread of fear among people in any country (Zuchora, 5). According to Obama, the US president he said, we are going to promote new and better tools of communication so as people can be empowered and be free to connect with other people in the society and thus with security. The government is going to support a free and also open internet so that people have needed information to help them in making decisions. It is also time to embrace the power of internet and its impact to our community. Internet has been known to improve peoples communication as well as reduce the distance barrier among two communicating people. It has been known to impact every aspect of our lives from the way we are taught in school to the way we get news and even how we find and maintain friends. Internet has led to the invention of internet based system. The internet based systems are literally used in most businesses now. They have improved efficiency and effectiveness especially in the delivery of goods and services (Bidgoli, 25). Internet also improved the storage of data, we no longer have to use files as a way of storing data. This reduced the manual filing systems which was slow and insecure. This ultimately reduced the service time especially in hospitals, banks and all service industries. Over time, there have been differing opinions on the topic internet censorship. Arguments have been made both for and against the need for the government to censor the information flowing through the internet. The degree of censorship varies from one country to the other. Some may have highly strict internet censorship such as the Arabic countries i.e. Iran. On the other hand, other countries may have extremely little internet censorship such as USA. However, the government should not limit the extent and magnitude of access to the internet in any country. This is because through the internet people have been benefiting from it such as getting news, advertising in case of businesses. There are numerous benefits associated with the use of internet in the community. This explains why I am against the issue of government censoring the internet (Zuchora, 7). A good illustration is the case of Iran, there was a plan by the Iranian to switch the internet in the county into a domestic netwo rk that was supposed to improve security. The officials in charge argued about improving deliberate cyber attacks, but the Iranians took it as an initiative to filter information online. One of the main obstacles experienced in the community when government censors the internet is the denial of the freedom of speech to the people. Internet use has increased over the last decade. The internet is believed to contain all types of information one may require. Fear of chaos should not be used as the bases to deny people (internet users) the right to express themselves and their feeling. Hence it should not be used for unwarranted censorship of the speech. The supporters of censorship argue that they are protecting the society from abuse such as sexual materials and hate being spread over the internet. However, there have been no well laid bases to determine what is bad to the people. People should be allowed to express their views on any topic in the community. Through the internet, business entities have been able to market their products both locally and internationally. Moreover, due to the changing world where by, news is being broadcasted through the internet for qui ck access by the people, censorship might deny the right of people to know and contribute to the national matters (Marsden, 164). The internet users should be left with consent to conclude what is right and wrong for them. With Internet censorship, freedom of speech through the internet continues to be threatened. The government therefore has no mandate or right to censor speech on the internet as it cannot force the adults to hear what is good for children. Freedom of expression is a vital component in any successful community. Internet has provided one of the most effective and visible ways that the ordinary people make their opinions heard. For example, when the US government was planning about Iraq war, it is the bloggers who questioned the action and not the renowned media. This gave chance for anti war opponents to organize. If the government was to regulate the internet, the American people for example would lose an important toll to exercise their freedom of expression (Bidgoli, 264). In addition to freedom of speech, internet responsibility should be left on the hands of the parent. One of the main talking points is how much the children should access thought the internet. However, government censorship would hinder the access of information to the adult. The parents should be the one in control of what the childrens access or send through the internet. This would help control what the kids can access. Control of internet usage by the kids should be left within the parents hands as well as school administration. The two people are the ones who are direct contact with the children, and it will be much effective for them to control what kids accesses on the internet. It will be much effective for parents to be responsible for the internet among their children than the government taking control (Caso, 46). Finally, control of internet usage denies privacy to the citizens. Through the censorship, government may use the internet to deny privacy. New technology tools are developed now and then and may be used by the government to deny human right as well as deny peoples privacy. When it comes to monitoring the information sent and received the government interferes with peoples privacy and may end up victimizing. People should be allowed to have their privacy to access what they want through the internet. Through the surveillance of the internet, the movement threatens free flow of information and hence violating peoples privacy. However, despite the right to access information to the people, censorship is also needed to reduce the rate of moral degradation of the children. As far as the parents are concerned, they might not be able to monitor their children all the time; hence they access wrong information from the internet. On the other hand, internet can be used to fuel crashes between communities or countries hence it should be monitored to what extent does people use the internet. A lot of malicious actions can be done through the net and despite the freedom to information control is needed for the wrong intentions of people. Conclusion From the above discussed points on the internet usage among people, it is clear that the government should cease from censoring what is sent and received by people through the internet. This is because the internet including other communication technologies has formed unprecedented ways and opportunities to share information between people. The internet has also been of great benefit through the opening of paths for pro-democracy groups, journalist and individuals in all parts of the world whereby they have been able to hold government accountable for their actions. While it is true some people misuse the internet by committing crimes, it should not be taken as the reason to regulate the entire medium. The already existing laws are adequate to preserve law and order in the communities. Much has been discussed the topic, and it leaves to the decision of the internet users to argue for or against the topic. However I take the stand that the government should not be involved in censoring the internet.

The Banning Of e For Ecstasy By Nicholas Saunders :: essays research papers

The Banning of "E for Ecstasy" by Nicholas Saunders The book entitled E for Ecstasy, by Nicholas Saunders, is a book of history, information, and stories about the illegal drug ecstasy. The author presents a vast amount of information about many aspects of the drug such as the history of the invention of the drug, information about how the drug effects people in different ways, positive reasons to use the drug, side effects and negative reasons to use the drug, and an overview of how the drug has been accepted into various societal groups. A shipment of this book, which was published in England in 1994, was ceased by Australian customs agents in the spring of 1994 and has been banned in Australia ever since. The ban on this book is currently still in place and being upheld by the Australian government due to the way the book portrays the drug ecstasy in a primarily positive way. According to the author of the book, even anti-drug groups are opposed to the ban because they believe both sides of the story should be heard. As I read this book, at first I felt a temptation to try ecstasy due to the positive way in which the drug was described. After reading further into the text, however, much more detailed information about the drug is brought fourth. For example, the book associates use of ecstasy with the cultures of all kinds of illegal drugs. In my opinion, the ban should be lifted because the book does not just give the positive information about this drug. While the book does side towards the use of the drug, it does provide all kinds of interesting information and education including negative data about the drug. If information about drugs is kept in the dark, people will be tempted to seek information in potentially harmful ways. If information flows freely, however, people can usually be trusted to make smart choices. The latest twist to this otherwise traditional story is that the entire text of the book is now available on the Internet, as is the text of many other banned books.

Cultural Autobiography Essay

My name is Hanan Hassan, and I was born in September 21, 1992 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. I am the eldest of nine children that consist of four girls including me and five boys. To most people I am an ordinary twenty- one year old who works and goes to school, but what most people don’t know is that I’m basically the second mother of my household. Even though my mother is alive and well, I was taught at a young age to take responsibility and to be responsible like an adult. Not only do I take care of my siblings, but I cook and clean and do everything my mother does, because I was raised to do those things easily without complain. Anyone who isn’t part of my family/friends would look at my life and think I have no freedom. But the way I was raised taught me to be an adult, yet act my age. When I look back at the past years, I was raised in three different cultures. My whole life consists of being raised in three different cultures, but most importantly, the culture I was born into is the one that I identify with the most. I say that because that’s who I am, and I am a Somali native. Although I have a different nationally, my ethnicity is who I am. Mostly, people nowadays cannot differentiate between the two. My nationality is where I was born in, and my ethnicity is who I am. As a child I struggled with both. I grew up in a town full of Arabs, and the only Somalians I actually interacted with were my family. In any event, if you don’t know much about your identity, you go into this crisis mode. Until I came to America, all I knew was that I was a Muslim and Somalian. There’s this need to know who you are, and where you come from, and every day you learn something new about your identity. When I came to America, there was a huge culture shock. For instance religiously, I grew up in countries where there was a mosque in every couple of blocks, and here the opposite were churches. Everywhere I looked was a church. It was a complete different atmosphere. In the Muslim countries, when it was time for prayer, you would be able to hear the entire mosques at once calling everyone to pray. And it was very weird not being able to hear the call for prayer time. But as month and years passed, I’ve gotten used to not hearing that. Not only was not hearing the call to prayer different, but holidays didn’t have the same effect as they used to. In the United States, when it’s turns winter, the festivities of the holidays begin. I don’t even  celebrate Christmas, but when everywhere you look at is lit up for Christmas, you feel part of a community. Since everyone around you is celebrating all these holidays, you feel as though you’re part of it. Whenever Eid comes around, it doesn’t feel the same way as it did as to when I was a child. For instance, when it was Ramadan time in Saudi Arabia, everyone used to get together to have big feasts. People would always stay up late and wait for the call of prayer, so that everyone can start fasting again. Also, shops would close early when it was time to eat. Families and friends would celebra te the whole month together, and go to the mosque together. Not only was everyone up, the whole city would be decorated and children would get gifts and monies from the elders, and it was just a beautiful time to be a kid. When you compare the American culture and the ones I grew up in as a child, they are completely different. The way we dress here, eat, family, religion, and everything else is different. For instance, in Saudi Arabia, the culture there is for women to cover up. Women are covered from head to toe. Majority of it is because the Saudi culture is influenced by religion, whereas in America everything is by choice. Our women in America have the choice to cover or not, and in Saudi Arabia, if women are not covered, there are consequences to pay. As child, I was able to wear whatever I wanted, because I was not a woman yet. I remember women not being able to drive, just for the fact that they’re women. Men were able to do anything they wanted, whereas women mostly stayed home. Mostly, women stayed home and took care of the family members. They did all the cleaning and cooking, whereas the man went to work and did all of the outside work. Not only did women stay home, they were also no t allowed to drive, which was a culture shock when I saw women driving in America and Egypt. I never really understood as to why women couldn’t drive a car, but it was illegal for them to do that. Women don’t have much say there, because the Saudi government uses religion as an excuse to minimize all of the rights women have. They say a woman shouldn’t drive, because her husband should be able to take her to wherever she pleases, but reality is no one is willing to do that. Additionally the problem wasn’t just the covering part; the problem was women’s rights being oppressed. And when you’ve lived in an environment like that it’s hard to get used to a new culture that established freedom among every individual. In addition, the cultures I was raised in required  me to cover up and to respect myself and the others around me. Both of my cultures are two cultures that heavily rely on religion. Sometimes it’s hard to separate what the religion requires and what your culture requires. Although, now some think both are one in the same, but people interpret each one differently. In other words, people put religion and culture in the same category. For example, my family is very conservative. Both of my parents come from strict families who take religion very seriously. Back in the 1980s and 1990s, religion was starting to develop in Somalia. When my mother was thirteen years old, people used to wear thin materials that practically show cased their whole body. And my grandmother used to have her hair out in an afro as wells as wearing pants. At that time, people didn’t criticize women for hanging out with their male friends. It was not a big deal in the culture. For this project I interviewed my mother, who as I got older, helped me learn more about my culture. Whenever my mother would tell me stories of her teen years, I would always complain about why she was so judgmental of how I dressed. In the interview, she explained to me that people didn’t know much about religion back when my grandmother was young. So there weren’t that many rules to enforce upon them, unlike us who are very much educated about religion. As my mother continued and talked more about our culture, I realized that my culture is influenced a lot by religion, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that every aspect about the culture comes from religion. Similarly, the school I went to, my neighbors, and everything that surrounded me consisted of religion. For instance, during the weekdays I went to school, and during the weekends I went to another school that was a religious study. Other than the American culture, the thing that ties a lot of people to their culture is religion, because I’ve learned over the years that a lot of cultures are strict because they mix their religion and culture together; so that it becomes easier for them to handle. Above all, when I came to America, I quickly learned to maneuver between the culture I was raised in and the culture that surrounded me. I’ve learned to manage between both, so that I don’t forget my roots, yet still manage to stay in the one I came into. It’s tough maintaining between both, because they’re both so completely different. In the American culture, I learned to be independent and to voice my opinions, so that I can live the life I want. In contrast, in my culture, I wouldn’t be able to voice out my  opinion so easily and openly. In essence, looking back in my life, I realized that the cultures I was raised in have shaped my life and made me the person I am today. Although there are many things that I personally don’t agree with in each culture, at the end there the reason I have grown into the open mined human being I am. Each culture has its positives and negatives. In the Saudi culture, I learned responsibility at a young age, but it was a lesson well learned, because you don’t see a lot of twenty- one year olds who are so aware of their life and the choices they make. Moreover, I learned that being multicultural teaches you and gives you the opportunity to look at life differently. Most people grow up in one culture, and they only have the views they’re presented to them. But moving around, taught me that there are other ways to look at this world. Every culture has an opinion on how this world should function, and being able to represent few cultures gives me the opportunity to voice out an opinion that has some background roots to it. I not only represent the culture I was born into, but I represent that ones I was raised into. I’m not only multicultural educated, but I’m also multilingual. Being raised and exploring other cultures also gave me the chance to speak more than one language. In addition, I speak three languages: Arabic, English, and Somali. Over the years, I’ve struggled with figuring out who I am, because unlike everyone else I didn’t grow up in one place. That may seem like a downside, but I gained values and lessons that I can carry throughout my life. I gained cultural experience between the cultures, and I gained religious knowledge, and lastly I gained how to communicate with individuals outside my culture. With all of that, I gained the knowledge of knowing who I am, and where I’m from. We don’t know how tied where are to our roots and ethnicities until you learn to explore other cultures around you. There are people around us that are so close minded of the world, and what it offers that they continue to purse being ignorant of others around them. If we pursue our surrounding and environments, we begin to go on a road full of fulfillment that leads to discovering more about our inner selves.

I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni Essays

I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni Essays I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni Paper I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni Paper Essay Topic: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Literature Maya Angelou Poems Nikki Giovanni Poems I am going to compare two poems called I know why the caged bird sings By Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping By Nikki Giovanni. Both of these poems are about wanting to be free and what they went through their life, however each of the poems has its own perspective, I know why the caged bird sings is rather in a more negative mood because it is saying she wants to be free, Ego Tripping is more positive because she is saying how free she is and how good her life is. To start I will analyse I know why the caged bird sings By Maya Angelou. In the poem Maya Angelou is talking about black people being trapped and have no say, She betray them by bird trapped in a cage with no speech, The poem mentions Problems she faces throughout her life, and says its no different being free or not because she cant do anything. Caged Bird is a poem about freedom. The free bird symbolizes a person from the white society, and the caged bird symbolizes a person from the black society. In the first stanza, the free bird is described. leaps, floats, dares, claim are used to describe the free bird, which indicates how courageous, powerful and arrogant it is. The second stanza starts with a But, which immediately awakens negative feelings. The words used to describe the caged bird are stalks, clipped and tied, the bird is not able to do what it wants. Also, in the second stanza, unexpectedly the caged bird opens his throat to sing. This action is very ironic, as normally you sing when you are happy, and we expect the free bird to do that. However, the song doesnt have a happy tune. Its a desperate cry for freedom. Theres a description of the cage that the bird is in, bars of rage. It shows similarities to being in a prison. There are no descriptions of the caged birds own point of view, of things unknown but longed for still. He cant see, he doesnt know. The free bird almost takes things for granted, dips his wing in the orange suns rays. Nevertheless, the caged bird can appreciate them. In the third stanza, trill, hill and still, heard and bird do rhyme. Rhyme tries to create a pattern, a neatness. Perhaps like the cage that contains the bird that wants to break free. The birds Life is repentant, maybe thats why theres a rhyme. Another pattern in the poem is between the stanzas: free bird, caged bird, refrain about caged bird; free bird, caged bird, refrain about caged bird. The refrain along with the phrase caged bird repeated in the beginning of all the stanzas which are about the caged bird, are for emphasis. It gives a feeling of how desperate he is. In the fourth stanza, the lines start to get Longer. This may be Linked to having more space to move, and therefore freedom- as it talks about the free bird. In the 3rd and 4th Lines, lawn and own are par rhymes, and own is Like a faint echo of the sound. In the 5th stanza, the Longer Lines may be Linked with the possibility of the bird being free. The words used to describe both the free and the caged bird almost sound the same, but they are different. Perhaps it reflects the two birds that are different whilst the caged bird wants to be Like the free bird. In the last stanza the first couple of lines are saying how the black people wish for freedom and people far away know that they are wishing to be free. In the last line she writes for the cadged bird sings for freedom this is a catchy ending people the reader remembers that most, the audience get told that several times so it is constantly being thrown at them The themes in this poem are freedom, unfairness, slavery and isolation. It may be Linked with gender, individuals, adults Limiting the youth, racial inequality, someone in prison or social oppression. The second poem I am going to compare I know why the caged bird sings with is called Ego Tipping by Nikki Giovanni. The poem is about how a black woman comparing herself to the Gods. She is saying that no one is better than her and she controls everything. This is saying that if your black or white you should be as free and as equal as each other and that everyone on earth should have the same rights and opportunities. In the first stanza she is writing about where she was born and how she grew up, she says i was born in Congo this could mean was bought up in Congo and was born there, Also the first three lines all Start with I this is very repetitive, Nikki Giovanni does this to tell the reader and give them a strong impression on things about her, I walked to the Fertile Crescent and built the sphinx this is referring to the slaves that built the sphinx, and how she is classed the same as them, and still they can make good things. She says I am bad, this is short, blunt and effective. It gets the point across that not everyone likes her, and may have done something wrong before. I sat on the throne, drinking nectar with Allah this line is very Strong and meaningful, as she is classing herself high enough to drink nectar with a god, Nectar was a very expensive thing at the times when she wrote this poem so she is saying there is nothing she cannot have. I got hot and sent an ice age to Europe this line shows that she is powerful and can do anything she wants, but selfish, as sending an ice age to Europe would kill millions of people, She is referring that she is controlling the earth and natural disasters. The tears from my birth pains created the Nile, she is now saying she is big and important she creates all the landmarks too. The second short sentence in the poem is I am beautiful this sentence is straight to the point and it also shows that she is proud of herself and she thinks that she is a perfectionist, But however this can also means that she is ugly so she is trying to look better by saying she looks beautiful. In the next stanza she is talking about how she created parts of the earth like she says I gazed onto the forest and burned out the Sahara desert. the time that the poem was written in religions was a big part of peoples lives they believe in god and now Nikki Giovanni is saying she is every god. n stanza five she mentions My son Noah built an ark and I stood proudly at the helm this means that she has given birth to a man who saved the animals, She also says My bowels deliver uranium she is now boasting and saying that even her wastes everyone craves for and it is expensive. The last stanza Nikki Giovanni says I am so perfect so divine so surreal. I cannot be comprehended without my permission. I mean I can fly, like a bird in the sky she says this to tell the ready she is everywhere she is so perfect she cannot make mistakes. The two poems that I have analysed are both very similar in topic but they have different view points towards it, I know why the caged bird sings is more sad and depressing, whereas Ego Tripping is more happy and joyful. The first poem shows how black people get treated badly and being discriminated and then the whites gets all the freedom. The second poem is opposite to the first one because she is saying she is god there is nothing she cant do and she is a African American, This shows is feels free and unlike before they had no freedom.

The Values of Freedom and Liberty

The Values of Freedom and Liberty Free Online Research Papers Throughout the course of the development of western civilization, there have been varying amounts of political changes and revolutions that have come to shape the world as we know it. Topics that were of importance in the past are still just as important to take into consideration during the present day, and lay out a groundwork on which we can continue to build upon in order to help our modern society avoid problems that have risen in the past. Although there are a number of themes that can be derived from the historical evaluation of western culture, it is most important to look at the theme of freedom and equality, and how the prominence (or lack thereof) has been changing since way back in the past, and how it continues to change into the present day. During the Age of Enlightenment, changes in thinking began to develop. People were starting to look at things from a more critical viewpoint, as well as beginning to think for themselves. Due to this sudden emergence of individual thought, there came a more heavy emphasis on the issues of freedom and equality. People began to question the things that were going on around them, and dissatisfaction was commonplace at this time. It is not as though the points of freedom and equality were not present in the past. This was just a time when people were beginning to come out from the overbearing shell of their corrupt government, and exercising their right to be heard. People were beginning to see that they had a right to equality, and the freedom to say what they needed to say. Due to this, there was also a surfacing of philosophes and individuals that had no qualms of discoursing, such as Francois Marie Arouet, famously known as Voltaire. He spoke very freely, criticizing matters of government and religion in a very sarcastic and satirical way. For example, his book â€Å"Candide†, writing with a sordid, mocking tone, made use of it’s characters (such as Professor Pangloss and Cunegonde) to fully satirize the concept of religion at the time. Although his portrayals of society were not always appreciated, they characterized the freedom of speech that the citizens were beginning to enjoy about that time. One of the targets of Voltaire’s criticisms was the actions taken in the Calas case, as well as the execution of Damien. The horrendous amount of torture that was inflicted upon these alleged perpetrators is a gleaming example of the lack of freedom that people really had at that time. Voltaire was explicit in expressing his grievous distaste for this type of corporal punishment that the government employed. However, from these courses of events, the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† was drafted, attempting to promote the three basic values that the French Revolution was based upon: Freedom, equality, and fraternity. However, even this document was not immune to the perpetuation of inequality based on the usage of the language in the document. Based on the wording, this document favored those with a higher standing or social status, and focused on the great disparity between the classes. The original document maintained that separation, and was unfairly writ ten to favor the upper class. However, through the amendment of article IV, which was changed to state that â€Å"†¦it must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes† and also that â€Å"All citizens, being equal before it are equally admissible to all public offices†¦and employments, according to their capacity, and without other distinction than that of virtues and talents†, more equality was established. Developments continued to occur during this time, including the instigation of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Great transformations were occurring, as well as women becoming able to go and work in the factories. However, despite the write up of the â€Å"Declaration of Rights of Man† and the changes that were being undertaken, there was still distrust harbored in the government at this time. John Stuart Mill, in his work â€Å"On Liberty†, talks about the conflict between â€Å"Liberty and Authority†, or rather, the struggle between the rights of the people and the actions of the government. He characterizes the same points that I had mentioned about the Age of Enlightenment and the emergence of the voice of the individual, saying that a point came â€Å"†¦in the progress of human affairs, when men ceased to think it a necessity of nature that their governors should be an independent power, opposed in interest to themselves†. Within this time period of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in Europe, freedom and equality are two very important ideas that need to be taken into consideration when determining the health and functioning of a society. However, these continue to be important and ever changing continuing on through western civilizations historical past. With the materialization of nationalism and the unification of states, the existence and lack of freedom and equality continually affects the societies at the time. From century to century, new developments, such as changes in political structure including anarchical overthrows if tyrannical governments continue to change the ever-fluid opinions and beliefs on what freedom and equality are, and the manifestations of such within the sociological sphere. Uprising revolutions of the 1840s, colonialism and imperialism of Europe, and the coming of the second industrial revolution are all factors that affect the stances of the ever changing ideas of freedom and equality. The 1840s were a time of revolution, particularly within the European Nations. Countries were reclaiming their heritage and their sense of unity. Nationalism was becoming a driving factor in the reasoning behind these revolutions. Nationalistic sentiment was taking European societies, causing explosions in all places where dissatisfaction with political agenda was brewing. During this time, freedom and equality were very important to those involved. This point was a step towards working towards a less monarchistic way of government for all, and rebuilding the ineffective governments in countries where the political processes were not conducive to the happiness of the common people. In our Western Civilization textbook, for example, Giuseppe Mazzini, trying to incite the unification of the Italian nations, attempted to cause an â€Å"awakening of the Italian people and of the common people’s mission to bring republicanism to the world† . Wikipedia defines republicanism as the â€Å"ideology of governing a nation as a republic, with an emphasis on liberty, rule by the people, and the civic virtue practiced by citizens†. It is very clear that heavy emphasis on freedom and liberty for all is a very important value during these times. However as colonial and imperialistic times began to descend, things changed drastically. During the â€Å"new† imperialistic and colonial times, the weight of the value of freedom and equality was not as significant. To further explain, it seems as though freedom and equality were important to the Europeans, but they did not believe that all people aside from them deserved these things. For example, it is true that it was within the self interest and benefit of the Europeans to go out and explore, conquer and convert. Rudyard Kipling, in his poem â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†, delves into this topic, believing in the civilizing and â€Å"westernizing† mission of the colonialists. The poem implies that it is for the good of all mankind when It states that â€Å"By open speech and simple/ And hundred times made plain/ To seek another’s profit/ And work another’s gain†, as though they may be taking from one, but in the end working toward the betterment of them as well. Although it has been said that the explorers and settlers were on missions due to their belief that prosperity for them meant economic and developmental gains for other parts of the world, it is accurate to say that this was not necessarily the case. Written 20 years later, Edmund D. Morel piece of work entitled â€Å"The Black Man’s Burden†, which criticized the imperialistic tendencies of Europe at the sacrifice of the indigenous people, showed how detrimental the colonialism of this time period was for the future of Africa. It seems as though it was a time of independence and freedom in Europe, but a time of domination and subjugation for any man, woman, or country that ended up in its warpath. In the coming of the second industrial revolution, the sentiment became more inwardly directed as opposed to the external, outwardly, conquistador-like sentiment that was present for a period of time. Therefore, there was a very heavy focus and high public opinion about the values of freedom and equality. During this time, due to the changes and progressions in the industrial sector, new ways of thinking and viewpoints began to emerge. For example, with the introduction of the â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party†, communism was born. From the viewpoint of Marx, this was something that granted freedom from the doomed political structure that the society was currently built upon. To him it was a better plan, built upon breaking down the disparity between the classes, and empowering the working class. Marx was very cynical about the outcome of capitalism, and saw failure within its own basic structure. Revolutions, imperialism and colonialism, and industrialization are all factors that changed and skewed the manifestation of freedom and equality in the past. Changes in political structure and conflict between the classes and government were strong driving factors in influencing public opinion. Many times, the differential in the importance of these two things were reflected in the governmental sphere. These things are all important to note so that similar mistakes are not made again. This continues to be reflected onward through the course of western civilization. After the first world war, things were kind of in disarray around the globe. Due to bad economic health in various countries, and an increase in social conflict, things did not appear to be going to well for democracy. In the Soviet Union, under the rule of Lenin militarism was rising again, but the New Economic Policy allowed for the peasant to live in a somewhat capitalistic framework; being able to own their own land and trade, with the addition of fixed taxes. However, with the rise of Stalin, a severe dictatorship once again arose in the USSR. Collectivization completely reversed the freedom of privatization that Lenin had allowed, and the â€Å"Great Terror† destroyed important elements of the Soviet Union and killed and imprisoned many civilians. The freedom that Lenin had allowed his citizens was completely taken away. However, this was not the only place that this would occur. Mussolini was the leader of the Italian Fascist movement. Fascism is defined as the centralization of power around an authoritative leader. Although he was taking away the freedom of his people, Mussolini defended himself by saying that he had saved the country from economic ruin. In his work â€Å"Born of a Need for Action†, Mussolini sums it all up within the first section of his writing by saying that â€Å"Fascism was not the nursling of a doctrine worked out beforehand with a detailed elaboration: it was born of the need for action and it was itself from the beginning practical rather than theoretical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He acknowledges taking away the aspect of freedom and equality within his society, saying that â€Å"†¦Fascism denies, in democracy, the absurd conventional untruth of political equality dressed out in the garb of collective irresponsibility, and the myth of â€Å"happiness† and indefinite progress†. For the betterment of the country, people needed to sacrifice themselves in order to help stimulate their motherland. However, this type of dictatorship did not end there. One of the most poignant events that deal with freedom and equality is the rise of Nazism in Germany. The dictatorship that Adolph Hitler led was in great violation of the values of freedom and equality. However, his persecution of the Jewish people was the most blatant act of disregard to these two virtues. In his work â€Å"Mein Kampf†, Hitler talks about the poisoning of the Aryan race by the â€Å"degenerate† Jewish people. He lays out the many ways that he believes the Jewish people are inferior, as well as saying that â€Å"†¦the Jew possesses no culture-creating energy whatsoever, as the idealism, without which there can never exist a genuine development of man towards a higher level, does not and never did exist in him†. He goes on to say that â€Å"His intellect, therefore, will never have a constructive effect, but only a destructive one†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Voicing these ridiculously skewed statements, Hitler continued on with his extermination o f the Jewish people. He continuously had them rounded up, shipped off to camps, and then eliminated. The Jewish people had no say, no voice in any of this, living in a society where an authoritarian dictator was deciding their fate. The emergence of the Second World War is also very significant in the issue of freedom and equality. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese-Americans, under Executive Order 9066, were ordered into internment camps all along the western coast. This was quite obviously in direct violation of their freedom. However, much worse then that was the dropping of the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although it may possibly be based upon the matter of personal opinion, I believe that the dropping of the bomb violated the human rights of the thousands of innocent Japanese citizens that were mercilessly destroyed by these atomic weapons. The United States and all these other countries at war due to the fact that they were trying to preserve their own freedoms, and what they believe to be their own rights in the name of equality. However, the dropping of the bomb was a direct statement against those basic principles. Just as in the times of imperialism and colonia lism, the dropping of the bomb constituted the rights of the United States, but complete disregard for anyone else beyond that. Although people try to justify this act and defend it, it was not necessary. While the two bombs did speed the ending of the war, the sacrifices that were made in the process were not worth it in the end. With the beginning of the anti-colonialist movements, the importance of freedom and equality seem to make a reemergence, such as in the cases of the Chinese revolution, and the decolonization of India. The latter is one of the most important times for historical India, signifying a time for the Indian people that they had actually achieved freedom from British rule for the first time. The nonviolent movements that Mohandas Gandhi led were revolutionary and without them, the Indian people would never have seen peace. For many many years, India had been colonized by Britain. Everything that was produced in India was all property of the British, and there was nothing that the country could do in order to try and build up their homeland due to this reason. With Gandhi working on their side, the Indian people were eventually able to reclaim their land, and begin to establish themselves as an individual nation. Freedom and equality are two very important themes that reoccur in different degrees throughout the course of western civilization. From the beginning of the French Revolution, to the start of the second coming of the Industrial revolution; From the rise of Nazism to the explosion of the Second World War, freedom and equality have teetered back and forth on the scale of justice, affecting societies and countries alike. It is not enough to acknowledge the disparities that have occurred throughout the course of history. It does not do us any good to just read about the atrocities that have gone on. What needs to happen is the growth of an awareness of the wrongs in the past, and what caused these things to happen. It is very important that lessons are learned from each chapter, and we do not make the same mistakes that we have made in our historical past. This is the only way that we will be able to positively affect and shape our own future. Research Papers on The Values of Freedom and Liberty19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion